Renewable energy sources are undergoing a period of rapid growth. The U.S. Energy Information Agency forecasted that they would be the fastest-growing source of electricity generation in the near future. However, most of the renewable energy sources such as solar and wind bear from supply and demand imbalances, as their most productive periods are at the time of demand for electricity is at the lowest, which leads to a surplus of unused energy. In this case, they become the least productive when electricity demand peaks when energy shortages must be filled by other means. To spot this issue, renewable must be supplemented with other dispatch-able energy sources that can instantaneously adjust the shifts in energy demand. One promising option to fulfill this dispatch-able energy role is hydrogen energy storage.
Hydrogen Energy Storage—An Introduction
Hydrogen energy storage market size is considered as another form of chemical energy storage in which electrical power is transformed into hydrogen. This energy is further released by using gas as fuel in a combustion engine or a fuel cell. Hydrogen is easily produced from electricity by the process of electrolysis of water that is carried out with relatively high efficiency and cheap power. The hydrogen is then stored potentially in underground caverns as large-scale energy storage. Hydrogen has many capabilities so that it can be used as fuel for gas turbines, piston engines, or hydrogen fuel cells. Hydrogen energy storage is of the current interest because the gas forms the basis for the hydrogen economy in which it replaces fossil fuel in many combustion applications.
Its Supply and Demand
The simple appeal of hydrogen as a fuel is that when it is burned or consumed in a fuel cell, it helps in generating electricity. The perception of using renewable electricity to split water molecules and release hydrogen electrolytically was not a new concept. The idea has always been examined regularly over the years, but the advancements have come through now!
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Hydrogen Energy Storage has been the Game Changer
One of the most exceptional vital factors leading the market of Hydrogen Energy Storage globally is the steadily plummeting price of renewable electricity—the single prevalent cost for electrolytic hydrogen production. From the time in 2010, the price of electricity as compared to wind has dropped down to 50%, while solar electricity has dropped down to 80%. Renewable energy has come so far and is down with pricing that has resulted in hydrogen production to be highly competitive with fossil fuels. By this, hydrogen energy storage has become the game-changer in the field of electricity generation across the world.
Significant Developments in Hydrogen Energy Storage
In the Europe region, several projects on hydrogen energy storage have started, which is counting as Energiepark Mainz in Germany. In essence, this project has involved FCHEA member Linde, in partnership with Siemens, the Rhein-Main University of Applied Sciences, and the Mainzer Stadtwerke. The Energiepark mainly uses excess wind energy to create hydrogen fuel, which is afterward used in generating energy to increase the demand for electricity generation.
In fact, in the United States, hydrogen energy storage facilities have begun to bring robust measures for electricity generation through ongoing tests and prominent projects. In the case of point, SoCalGas, a natural gas provider based out in Southern California, has collaborated in the latest hydrogen energy storage projects. SoCalGas installed an electrolyzer driven by the on-campus solar electric system with the National Fuel Cell Research Center at the University of California at Irvine. This tends to generate renewable hydrogen along with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. SoCalGas constructed a biomethanation reactor system, which uses a water electrolyzer to create hydrogen from renewable power. The whole process is conducted through a bioreactor that converts hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane and water.
Beyond these developments, arrays of promising and large-scale hydrogen energy projects have also been initiated. Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems and Magnum Developer are the top-grossing companies that are setting up to expand a 1,000 MW power facility in Millard County, Utah, for storing renewable hydrogen, while adding flow batteries and solid oxide fuel cells in the same location. Other than this, Xcel Energy, a large utility provider, is also collaborating with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, to create a 110 kW wind-to-hydrogen project. The idea of this would be with the help of using excess wind energy to form hydrogen for storage purposes for future use at the hydrogen fueling station. This would be converted to electricity later in and fed to the utility grid during peak-demand hours for various emergencies.
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